Soal Biologi SMP RSBi campuran

51.  Extinction of an organism from the environment is caused by the human activities. Those human activities are as follows, except...

a. poaching

b. clearing

c. captivity

d. using pesticides

52. Scientist are found that, over a period of    

       200 years, a  mountain pond was  

       transformed into a meadow. During the  

       time, several communities of organisms  

       were replaced by different  communities.

       Which of these best explains why

       communities were able to replace older

        communities?

a. the original species became extinct

b. species in older community died from

    old age

c. the abiotic characteristics of the habitat

    changed

        d. diseases that killed the older organisms

    disappeared

53. which of these best illustrates natural

       selection?

       a. an organism with favorable genetic

  variations will tend to survive and breed   

  successfully

       b. a population monopolizes all of the

   resources in its habitat, forcing other

   species to migrate.

      c. a community whose members work

           together utilizes all exsisting resources

           and migratory routes.

      d. the largest organisms in a species receive

           the only breeding opportunities

54. a species of finch has been studied on one

       of the geographically isolated Galapagos

       Islands for many years. Since the island is

       small, the lineage of every bird for several

      generations is known. This allows a family

      tree of each bird to be developed. Some

      family groups have survived and others have

      died out. The groups that survive probably

       have...

a. interbred with other species

b. inherited some advantageous

     variations

c. found new places on the island to live

d. been attacked by more predators

55. a small population of chimpanzees lives in a

       habitat that undergoes no changes for a

       long period. How will genetic drift probably

       affect this population?

       a. it will accelerate the appearance of new

            traits

       b. it will promote the survival of      

           chimpanzees with benefical traits

       c. it will increase the number of alleles for

            specific traits

       d. it will reduce genetic diversity

56. according to the theory of natural selection,

       a species that lacks the variations necessary 

       to adapt to a changing environment will

       most likely...

a. become dormant

b. mutate

c. become extinct

d. fossilize

57. according to this information, which group     

       demonstrated the greatest biodiversity   

       during the Cretaceous period?

a.       Dinosaurs

b.      Crocodilians

c.       Snakes

d.      Lizards

58. which of the following plant groups is now

       extinct?

a. tree ferns

b. seed ferns

c. horsetails

d. strangler figs

59 . consider some of the following statements.

(1)    Green grashopper living in the grass can survive, while yellow grasshopper will be extinct eaten by its predator

(2)    All leaves of a plant color are green becuse the yellow leaves have been fallen blown by the winds.

(3)    Biston betularia moths living in England after industrial revolution whose colours are black are more than others because the smoke pollution disguises its predators’ view

(4)    the grass can be found everywhere because that plant is easy to adapt with the environment

Statements in accordance with the natural selection process are...

a.       1 dan 2

b.      1 and 3

c.       2 and 3

d.      2 and 4

60. What is most likely reason that the English

       preppered moth changed color, as a species

       between 1850 and 1900?

       a. an enviromental change forced it to

           adapt to survive

      b. new pigments became available because

           of technological advances

       c. the original moth population was eaten

           by rodents

      d. chemicals in the air caused genetic

           mutations

61. why do extinctions occur much more often

       in modern times than they did in the past?

       a. there are more organisms now, producing

            a corresponding increase in the extincion

            rate.

       b. a huge increase in human population has

            affected the environment

       c. animal species have become better at

            extinction, with years of practice

       d. all biological processes not just

           extinction, have sped up in modern time

62. the theory of... involves the survival and

       reproduction of organisms that are best   

       suited to their environment.

a. uniformitarianism

b. survival

c. environmentalism

d. natural selection

63. the following picture shows...

    

a.       Variation

b.      Adaptation

c.       Natural selection

d.      Evolution

64. reproduction in living things aims to...

a. adapt to the environment

b. fulfill the life needs

c. maintain the sustainibility of species

d. increase the number of population

65. Generative reproduction is shown by...

a. fragmentation on earthworms

b. budding on yeast

c. conjungation at Paramecium

d. growth of new individuals on banana trees

66. Generative reproduction is proceded by the

       fusion of male gametes and female gametes

       so that generations are...

a. adaptive to the environment

b. different in characters from the parent

c. better than the parent

d. more vulnerable than the parent

67. Consider the following table.

Num	Reproduction manners	Example of types
1	Adventies	Centella asiatica(pegagan)
2	Bulbous	Onion
3	Rhizome	Roses
4	stolon	strawberries

The correct reproduction manners and examples of plant doing the reproductions are....

a.       1, 2 and 3

b.      1, 2 and 4

c.       1, 3 and 4

d.      2, 3 and 4

68. The picture shows the fruit of the plant

       commonly called the beggartick. The spines

       on the tip of the fruit help in its dispersal by

       allowing the fruit to be ….

       a. blown by the wind

       b. carried on water

       c. attached to animals

       d. eaten by birds

69. An important evolutionary benefit of sexual

       reproduction is that ….

       a. it provides a mechanism for genetic

           recombination

       b. it requires a lower level of resource

            investment than asexual reproduction

             does

       c. the offspring will resemble their parents

            genetically

       d. the offspring will probably not mate with

            parents or siblings

70. Mr. Budi has a water guava plant A which

       has sweet and dense fruits, but the stems    

       are not strong. Mr. Marvel has a water

       guava plant B which has large stems and   

       strong roots. In order to obtain the water

       guava plant which has big stems, strong

       roots, and sweet and dense fruit, it needs to

       do the reproduction of ….

       a. crossing plant A and plant B

       b. connecting plant A and plant B; plant A as

            the main plant

       c. connecting plant A and plant B; plant B as

           the main plant

       d. sticking bud core of plant B on plant A

71. The followings are the animals doing the internal fertilization, except ….

72. The correct pair between the plant and the pollination manner is ….

	Plants	Pollination manners
a.	Grass	Anemogamy
b.	Salvia	Anemogamy
c.	Wine	Hydrogamy
d.	Grass	Zoidiogamy

73. Group of organisms that are nearly extinct because of its low reproduction rate is ….

       a. tortoise and partridges

       b. penguins and komodo

       c. zebras and camels

       d. rhinoceros and elephants

74. Incorrect asexual reproduction manner of low rates organisms is shown by ….

	Organisms	Reproduction manners
a.	Sponges	Fragmentation
b.	Worms	Parthenogenesis
c.	Coelenterates	Budding
d.	Arthropods	Parthenogenesis

75. The following animal which reproduces through eggs and doesn’t have fertilization is ….

76..

   Kind of fertilization in the picture above is

         ….

	1	2	3
a.	Autogamy	Geitonogamy	Allogamy
b.	Autogamy	Allogamy	Geitonogamy
c.	Allogamy	Autogamy	Geitonogamy
d.	Geitonogamy	Allogamy	Autogamy

77. The followings belong to hermaphrodite animals, except ….

       a. jellyfish

       b. leech

       c. worms

       d. planarians

78. The correct maintenance way of embryos of the following animals is ….

	Animals	Maintenance ways of embryos
a.	Buffalos	Ovipary
b.	Platypus	Vivipary
c.	Whales	Ovipary
d.	Cassowaries	Vivipary

79. The following plant has the reproductive asexual organ of ….         

      a. sucker

       b. rhizome

       c. corms

       d. tuber

80. Kalanchoe pinnata (cocor beber) plants have asexual reproduction organs of ….

       a. stolon

       b. bulbil

       c. adventives budding

       d. runner

81. Consider the following picture.

       The correct following statement about

        peafowl’s survival is ….

a.       There is no relation between the election of married couples and the survival peafowl

b.      Peahens do not choose a mate to reproduce

c.       Peacocks selected by peahens have the adaptive characteristics

d.      Peacocks having superior characterized usually have a few generations

82. Consider the following statements.

       (1) Amplexus in frogs is an example of an

             internal fertilization.

       (2) Gametes are usually produced in

             specialized structures known as gonads.

       (3) Hydras can reproduce sexually and  

             asexually

       (4) All animals have reproductive organs

            separated between males and females.

Incorrect statement above is number ….

a.       (1) and (2)

b.      (2) and (3)

c.       (2) and (4)

d.      (1) and (4)

83. Which of the following is not a form of  sexual reproduction….

A. Fragmentation

B. Budding

C. Parthenogenesis

D. syngamy

84. Sexual reproduction favors….

       a. hughly successful species

       b. stable populations

       c. beneficial recombination

       d. genetic diversity

85. The zygote of unicellular organism….

       a. always devides by mitosis

       b. alwayd devides by meiosis

       c. may devide by meiosis

       d. can only devide by binary fission

86. Most multicellular eukaryotes form gametes  

       by….

      a. parthenogenesis

      b. meiosis

      c. mitosis

      d. binary fission

87. Sexual reproduction involves the alternation

       of….

       a. mitosis and oogamy

       b. isogamy and meiosis

       c. meiosis and fertilization

       d. meiosis and oogamy

88. Which of the folloeing flowering

       arrangements promotes self-pillination?

       a. monoecious

       b. dioecious

       c. dichogamous

       d. none of the above

89. Plants the produce one ovules or pollen are

       called ….

       a. monoecious

       b. monogamous

       c. dchogamous

       d. dioecious

90. Palnts producing both staminate and  

      pistilate flower on the same plant are said to    

      be….

     a. monoecious

     b. dioecious

     c. heteroecious

     d. dichogamous

91. Self-pollination can occur in which of the

       following….

      a. dioecious palnts

      b. pistillate palnts

      c. staminate plants

      d. none of the above

92. Cross-pollination involves the exchange of

       genetic information between….

      a. the anther and carpel of the same plant

      b. two different plants of the same species

      c. two different palces sepecies

      d. a palnt species and an animal species

93. another term for spawing, or the releasing

      of gametes into water by aquatic animals,   

      is…..

      a. external fertilization

      b. internal fertilization

      c. ovulation

      d. aquatic fertilization

94. consider the picture of animal below!

    What is unusual about the reproductive    

     process of animal above?

    a. it is the only mamal that spaws

    b. it is marsupial, an animal with a pouch on   

         the outside of the mother’s body

    c. it has an unsually high rate of reproductive   

         success

    d. it is one of only two mamal species that

          lays shelled eggs

95. In sexual reproduction, a cell-division

      process called …. produces haploid gametes  

      from each parent.

      a. mitosis

      b. meiosis

      c. crossing over

      d. cloning

96. What is the term for the unusual method of

       reproduction shown in this sketch of the  

       planarian?

      a. budding

      b. binary fission

      c. fragmentation

      d. mitotic cell division

97. Which of the following is not a form of

       sexual reproduction?

      a. budding

      b. binary fission

      c. fragmentation

      d. pollination

98. The life cycle shown in this figure represents the…. 

      a. conjugation

      b. pollination

     c. alteration of generation

     d. meiosis

99. What is cross –pollination

      a. The transfer of pollen from the anther to   

           the carpel of the same plant

     b. The transfer of pollen from the anther of    

          one plant to the carpel of another pant of   

          different species

     c. The transfer of pollen from the anther of

         one plant to carpel of another pant of the

         same species

     d. The transfer of pollen from the carpel of

          one pant to the anther of another plant of

         the same species

100. How does internal fertilization male

         reproduction more efficient?

         A. Fewer eggs are needed because they

              are fertilized by fewer sperm

         B. Fewer eggs are needed because they

              develop sheltered in the mother’s body

         C. More eggs are produced in the

              protected environment and increase the

              chance of fertilization

         D. Eggs are often fertilized because the  

              sperm concertrated in the small are i

               nside the mother

CONTOH cerpen

Aku Tidak Pantas Dibenci

By: Muti’ah Nurul Jihadah, X2

“Bu, Lita. Ayah pergi dulu ya” kata ayah Lita sambil menyeret gerobak sampahnya. Ibu tersenyum, “Hati-hati ya yah”. Namun tidak dengan Lita. Gadis itu hanya diam membatu. Ia hanya melengah saat Ayahnya menatapnya dengan seulas senyum tanda kesabaran diantara kepahitan hidup.

Semua berasal dari sore itu.

Sore dimana Sonia terperanjat mengenali seorang bapak yang ada di depannya. Bapak yang tengah mengais-ngais sampah itu. Bapak dari salah seorang temannya.

Sonia tersenyum miring, "Semua orang harus tahu ini".

***

Di depan kelas, banyak siswa yang berkumpul menyaksikan pertengkaran itu.

"Nggak usah ngaku-ngaku anak konglomerat deh!"

"Beneran, ayahku yang punya perusahaan garmen itu!"

"Uhm...nggak usah ngayal tinggi-tinggi deh," timpal Sonia sambil mengambil sikap mengintimidasi. tangannya dikacakkkan ke pinggang dan ia maju selangkah.

"So, ini apaan?" katanya sambil mengacungkan selembar foto.

Lita terperanjat, "Nggak mungkin! Ini rekayasa, tahu!"

"Kamu nggak usah bohong lagi. Eh! Semuanya! Rupanya, Lita selama ini bohong! Dia punya ayah pemulung!"

Mulut Lita terbuka seakan mengatakan sesuatu, tapi Zack ada di sana.

"Direktur apaan? ternyata cuma pemulung. Ini pasti dari hasil ngemis ya?" Sonia menarik ujung lengan baju Lita, namun langsung ditepisnya.

"Eww...nggak usah sok bersih deh, ini juga banyak kumannya...iii" seru Sonia jijik dan menggosokkan tangannya ke baju Rani yang ada disebelahnya.

"Heh! Ntar malah gue yang kena diare! Atau muntaber!" seru Rani keras.

"Lo makan dari hasil nyuri, hah? Uang sekolah lo juga hasil jambret?" tanya Rani lagi, yang memang terkenal kasar. Lita diam saja, wajahnya pucat dan matanya berkaca- kaca.

"Eh, nggak usah sok nyari- nyari simpati deh. Nggak usah acting nangis-nangisan!" tukas Tiffany sinis.

Wajah Lita tambah pucat. Lalu tangannya melayang dan tepat mengenai wajah Tiffany.

"Dasar anak pemulung! Jaga tangan lo yang penuh najis itu!" seru Rani sambil menahan Tiffany yang mulai menangis. Tiffany hampir membalasnya, namun Lita terlanjur pergi.

***

Zack mencari-cari Lita. Di mana anak itu?

Akhirnya Zack menemukannya. Lita sedang terduduk sendu di taman belakang sekolah. matanya sembap seperti habis menangis.

"Lita!"

Yang dipanggil segera melihat. Lalu ia langsung mengalihkan pandangannya yang mulai kabur akibat titik airmata malu yang ditanggungnya sejak tadi. Dadanya terasa sangat sesak.

“Lita! Aku kira kamu dimana,”

Jantung Lita semakin tak karuan. Masa ia harus menumpahkan segalanya pada Zack?

“Lita, ini aku. Jangan takut”

“Aku tahu itu kamu, Zack,” airmata Lita langsung mengalir tanpa sebab. Ia cepat-cepat menghapusnya. Namun rasa ini sudah tidak bisa ditahannya lagi. Ia langsung terisak. Zack jadi bingung. Cewek tidak pernah menangis di dekatnya.

‘Li…Lita…aku udah dengar semuanya. Aku udah dengar. Kamu bisa cerita sama aku.”kata Zack keki. Ia takut melukai perasaan Lita.

“Nggak usah percaya aku lagi. Aku memang bohong. Aku udah nggak pantas lagi untuk dipercaya. Ayahku pemulung. PEMULUNG, ZACK!” teriak Lita.

‘Sst…maaf, tapi kenapa…eh…um…” Zack jadi ragu, “Kenapa kamu malah mengatakan papamu pengusaha garmen?” Lita malah menangis lagi. Zack hanya diam, menunggu lita tenang.

“itu mimpiku. Ayah punya bakat dagang, kebetulan keluarga kakek punya perusahaan garmen yang udah gulung tikar. Aku harap ayah bisa, ayah bisa menjadi pengusaha. Tapi semuanya berubah sejak kakek meninggal. Ayah udah nggak mungkin lagi ngedapetinnya karena ayah ditindas kakak-kakaknya, harta Ayah disita, sampai nggak ada lagi yang tersisa. Selama ini aku dapat bantuan dari Tante Ayana, adik ayah satu-satunya. Tapi itu nggak seberapa,” Lita menghela napas panjang karena matanya mulai kabur akibat air matanya. Ia tidak mau menunjukkan tangisannya lagi. Ia harus tegar. “malahan tante kadang-kadang melecehkan keluarga kami. Aku nggak ingin semua terulang lagi di sekolah, namun nyatanya…”

“Kira-kira kenapa Sonia musuhan sama kamu, padahal aku amati nggak ada kesalahan padamu?” potong Zack, yang lagi menggumam tiba-tiba.

“Nah itu dia, tapi banyak yang bilang kalau ‘Sonia iri sama kecantikan kamu’ ada versi lain, ‘Sonia takut kamu bakalan dipacarin Zack’ atau ‘Sonia nggak suka kamu berada di ranking 2. Dia nggak suka ranking kamu deketan sama Zack’ atau semacamnya lah”, sahut Lita menerawang. Diam diam rasa syukurnya menelusup, bersyukur bahwa semua kelebihannya membuat gadis yang populer di sekolah menjadi iri.

“Oh” seru Zack, “Tapi kamu harusnya bersyukur, kalau ternyata, kamu diterima di sekolah ini, SMA  Budi Terpuji ini pake tes mandiri, dengan jalur beasiswa dan mendapat peringkat 4 lagi. Nggak semua orang sepertimu bisa. Iya sih, boleh kamu anak pemulung atau anak apapun, tapi kan nggak ada hak orang lain yang bakal ngebatasin kita berkarya dan bertindak. Life must go on, Lit. Kamu nggak boleh menyerah. Jackie Chan saja hampir dijual orangtuanya, saking miskinnya keluarga mereka. Namun Allah berkehendak lain, Lit. Jackie Chan seperti sekarang ini, jadi artis laga. Dan adegannya ekstrim banget lho. Pernah kutiru, dan…wuah, pas jatuhnya sakit buanget! Belum lagi Abraham Lincoln sebelum jadi Presiden USA. Kegagalannya di senat, banyak banget lho! Ada lagi Hellen Keller, penulis terkenal itu, dari kondisinya yang buta dan tuli, novelnya terkenal banget! Nggak usah jauh deh, J.K Rowling aja dulunya miskin banget, saking miskinnya buat naskah dan ngegandain naskah Harpot pake tangan coba, padahal kan udah ada komputer atau  mesin tiklah! Tapi kenyataannya, bestseller! Kamu pasti bisa Lit! Jangan malu. Nggak usah dengarin apa kata orang! Anjing menggonggong kafilah berlalu! And last, never give up, keep fight! Jangan pernah menyerah, tetap berjuang!”

Lita menyunggingkan senyum optimis. Iya ya, pikirnya dalam hati. Kenapa aku lupa?

Zack berdebar ketika melihat senyum gadis itu. Hatinya lega sekarang. Kalau saja kamu tahu, apa yang dicemburui Sonia itu benar, pikirnya.

“Terima kasih atas semuanya Zack, aku akan berjuang,” kata Lita kalem. Zack menarik napas lega dan tersenyum balik menatapnya.

“Aku suka kamu yang seperti ini Lit,”

*

“Ayah,” panggil Lita. Senyumnya mengembang. Hati ayahnya langsung luluh, dan untuk membalasi hari-hari mereka yang kaku, ayahnya memeluknya.

“Maafkan Lita Yah,” tangis Lita. “Maafkan Lita yang udah marah sama Ayah, gara-gara profesi Ayah. Lita udah sadar Yah, Lita nggak mesti malu, tapi bangga. Bangga punya ayah yang masih punya banyak waktu untuk Lita. Bangga Yah, tidak seperti ayah teman-teman yang bekerja di kantor. Lita janji Yah, Lita nggak bakal ngecewain Ayah dan Ibu. Lita bakal buktiin kalo Lita nggak pantas dibenci teman-teman Lita”.

Ayahnya hanya tersenyum dan menitikkan airmata. Ibunya tersenyum hangat melihat kejadian itu, membuat Lita dan ayahnya menghambur memeluk ibu.

“Iya nak, Ayah juga. Bahagiakan kami ya…”

*

“Lit, kamu serius? Kamu bakal ikut babak nasional, mewakili Sumatera Barat, ke Jakarta?” Tanya Zack pada hari itu, hari dimana Lita diberitahu gurunya tentang kelulusannya menjadi Juara 1 Olimpiade Biologi tingkat provinsi.

“Iya Zack. Do’akan aku ya.” Senyum Lita merekah indah. “Dan, aku juga udah buktiin kalo aku, nggak pantas dibenci.”

“Kalo gitu selamat, Lit. aku harap kamu bakalan berhasil, sampe UN nanti,”

“Cuma sampai UN, gitu? Terus pas kuliah, pas kerja?”

“Oh…iya. Hehehe,” sahut Zack. “Oke deh, aku doain. Tapi jangan lupain aku ya? Doakan aku terus,” pintanya dengan pasang tampang innocent.

“Untuk kamu, apa sih yang nggak?”, Lita keceplosan. Muka Zack memerah.

Sonia menghampirinya, begitu pula Rani dan Tiffany. “Lit, maafin kami ya. Kami sadar, kalo kamu ternyata lebih baik. Kita nggak mesti dan nggak bakal mandang orang dari kekayaannya lagi deh Lit, swear!” sahut Sonia penuh rasa penyesalan.

Zack dan Lita berpandangan, lalu seperti mendapat ide, Lita menyambut uluran tangan Sonia. “Deal” sahutnya. “Kumaafkan, tapi tolong jangan pernah ulangi lagi ya, kalo kalian jadi aku, bayangin. Rasanya pahit banget tahu!” kata Lita dengan senyumnya.

“Ayahku memang seorang pemulung,” seru Lita, dengan memberikan penekanan pada kata-kata ‘pemulung’. “Tapi jangan diolok, aku memang anak pemulung, tapi aku berjanji tidak akan menjadi pemulung, dan melanjutkan impian Ayahku untuk menjadi orang sukses. Orang Indonesia bisa apa aja. Bisa sepintar Jepang dan Amerika, bisa sereligius orang Arab, makanya jangan ada yang membatasi orang Indonesia untuk berkarya, termasuk orang Indonesia itu sendiri.”

Rani, Tiffany dan terutama Sonia hanya tersipu, dan berkata dengan serentak “Iya lit, kamu udah berhasil buktiin bahwa kami nggak pantas benci kepadamu. Mau nggak jadi teman kami?”